Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a state where the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe due to instability in the respiratory control center. This is normally due to an underlying cause like kidney failure, damage to the brainstem, hypothyroidism, stroke, etc. In some cases, CSA could be narcotic-induced or even high altitude-induced periodic breathing. Due to the absence of clear symptoms in some cases, central sleep apnea is discovered after polysomnography. There are no guidelines as to when or whether to treat CSA. The decision to treat the condition is an evaluation to be made on an individual basis. When the symptoms are present, the following treatments may be warranted: 1. Breathing strips The first line of treatment is to lose weight and then maintain a healthy weight. Avoid alcohol and sleeping pills since they constrict the airways during sleep. If you have sinus or nasal congestion, the use of breathing strips or nasal sprays is encouraged. Avoid sleep deprivation and sleep on the side instead of sleeping on your back. 2. CPAP machine Continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) is one initial method applied, especially if the patient has a history of heart failure. The supplemental oxygen improves ejection fraction.

The term amyloidosis refers to a broad group of diseases in which a particular protein (amyloid fibrils) builds up in one’s organs and tissues, affecting their function and appearance. It can affect any organ or part of the body and can result in a threat to life due to organ failure. There is no single treatment for this disease and the outcomes depend on the type and concentration of serum amyloid protein in the system. Till the 1970s, the disease was thought to be correlated with a single amyloid substance and the classification was based on organ distribution and certain clinical observations. At present, a new system of classification is used wherein letters of the alphabet designate the protein that makes the majority of deposits. While the deposit patterns may differ between people, it usually consists of a single protein. There are several different types of amyloidosis, such as the ones given below: 1. AL amyloidosis This is the most frequently-occurring type. It is also known as immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. The letters AL refer to amyloid light chains— the term given to the type of protein that is responsible. It destroys the bone marrow due to certain self-generated antibodies that cannot be broken down.

Breast cancer commonly occurs in the lobules or milk glands and the ducts of the breast. However, it may also form in the nipples or in the underarms. There are two main types of breast cancer—invasive and non-invasive. Invasive types of breast cancer usually spread from the site of their origin. In this article, we’ll explain the different types of non-invasive breast cancer. One of the types of breast cancer is non-invasive breast cancer. Also known as in situ cancer, here, the cancer cells are localized and have not spread from the breast tissue. Non-invasive breast cancer has two main types—ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), as follows: 1. Ductal carcinoma in situ Almost 20% of all breast cancers are most likely to be ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). It is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that is normally located within the milk ducts in the breast. In this type, cancer cells start growing in the milk duct and are at an early stage. Since this is an early stage, it is easy to cure this form of breast cancer. Sometimes, this type is also referred to as pre-cancer or Stage 0 breast cancer. It is because the cancer is localized to one small area.

Demi Lovato, Lady Gaga, Russel Brand, and Princess Diana are all famous personalities. They are well known American singers, a famous English comedian-actor, and a member of the British Royal family. Do you know they all had something in common? They’ve all suffered from eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, diabulimia, muscle dysmorphia, restrictive eating disorder, rumination disorder, and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) are all different types of eating disorders. Let us understand 3 common types of eating disorders here: 1. Anorexia Nervosa An intense, obsessive fear of gaining weight invariably makes people with this disorder restrict the foods they eat. They do not maintain an appropriate weight in proportion to their age and height. In spite of being underweight, people with Anorexia Nervosa typically tend to believe they are overweight and have an extremely negative and unrealistic self-image. Anorexia patients could run the risk of brain and heart damage, multi-organ failure, brittle hair, and nails, thinning of their bones and infertility. 2. Bulimia Nervosa People suffering from Bulimia Nervosa consume an enormous quantity of food in a very short time. Then feeling disgusted and guilty after overeating, they resort to purging all the food they have eaten.

Leukemia refers to a condition that occurs due to the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells. In the US alone, this condition affects as many as 45,000 individuals annually. It is why this cancer is perhaps the most common blood cancer type, particularly in adults above 55 years of age and kids below 15 years of age. To classify the types of leukemia, you have to understand the kind of blood cells that are affected, and the rate at which the condition progresses. For instance, lymphocytic leukemia, also known as lymphoblastic leukemia, originates in WBCs called lymphocytes. Myeloid leukemia may also originate in the lymphocytes, platelets, and red blood cells. Depending on how quickly the condition advances, leukemia may be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute leukemia progresses rapidly and may result in the build-up of functionless and immature blood cells. In this type, cells reproduce and accumulate in the bone marrow and reduce its capacity to produce healthy blood cells. Chronic leukemia advances slowly, there is an accumulation of relatively mature yet abnormal WBCs. The 4 main types of leukemia include: 1. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) ALL is known to progress rapidly. It can replace healthy cells with leukemia cells that do not mature properly.