A condition where the heart does not pump blood as efficiently as it should is known as Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). It does not mean that the heart is about to stop working or has failed. It means that the heart muscles are not able to contract over time or have a mechanical problem which limits the ability of the heart to fill with blood. This results in its inability to keep up with the body’s demand. The heart beats faster so that it can take less time for refilling after it contracts. But if this continues there is less blood circulation and the extra effort of the heart could cause palpitations. The heart becomes enlarged a little to make room for the blood. The lungs also fill up with fluid causing shortness of breath and the kidneys begin to retain water and sodium leading to kidney failure because they do not receive enough blood. More than 5 million people in the country are estimated to have congestive heart failure. It is the most common diagnosis in patients over the age of 65. With or without treatment for congestive heart failure is often said to be a typically progressive condition as it worsens gradually.

A chronic demyelinating disease of the brain and the spinal cord resulting in the loss of fatty covering of myelin is known as Multiple Sclerosis. It is an auto-immune disease which is directed against the myelin sheath of the nerve fibers while the axon remains as it is. Its atrophy is caused by the destruction of the myelin sheath. The cause of this autoimmune process is not exactly clear. The disease is characterized by its undulating course and slow progression. Other than injuries, MS is said to be the most common neurological cause of disability in young people between 20 – 40 years. Here are causes and therapies for MS: 1. MS causes Some external factors like viral infections, bacterial infections, effects of radiation, toxic substances, geographical and environmental factors, stressful situations could be causes of MS. Also, internal factors like immunodeficiency, genetic predisposition, smoking, and associated chronic diseases are some acceptable reasons for the autoimmune process. 2. Sem cell treatments Fetal stem cells are used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis as they are the only source of stem cells with natural origin. Therefore, their use in the treatment of this neurological disease is said to be most effective when compared to other types of stem cells.

Muscular dystrophy is the most common fatal genetic condition, especially in children. Doctors in the country have raised hopes for a treatment for muscular dystrophy after mending mutations that cause the disease in dogs. It is said that the landmark study was successful in treating muscle wasting disorder in large mammals. Researchers believe that a clinical trial involving patients with muscular dystrophy would be done soon if the therapy continues to show promise in future animal studies. 1. MS causes Muscular dystrophy is caused by a mutation that disturbs the normal function of a gene in the X chromosome. Boys are mostly affected by this disease as they have only one X chromosome. As girls have two X chromosomes they have a backup in case one of the genes is damaged. Therefore, girls may not be affected but they could be carriers and may pass on the mutated gene to their children. In muscular dystrophy, the key gene is needed to produce dystrophin, a protein which is important for strong muscle fibers. The protein cannot be made properly if the gene is mutated which causes the muscles throughout the body including the heart, diaphragm, and the skeleton to steadily weaken and waste away.

The very first course of action that a medical practitioner will explore is the option of surgery for those affected with pancreatic cancer. This would involve the removal of complete or part of the pancreas based on where the tumor is and how big it is. In these surgical options, it is quite common to also remove a certain amount of healthy tissues surrounding the affected region to get clean margins on cancer. This is because the doctors do not want any residue of the cancer cells to be present in the body and end up triggering another cancer. According to statistics, about 20% of the patients who are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer end up having surgery because it is already too late by the time diagnosis is done. Surgery is just one of the many options and can be done in combination with other forms of treatment for pancreatic cancer including radiation or systemic therapy. This additional treatment would be required to add to the effect of treatment post-surgery, or before surgery to shrink the tumor. Whether adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment is prescribed, surgery has a good chance of dealing with cancer in the early stages. Different types of surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer include:

Symptoms associated with kidney cancer (or renal cancer) do not occur until a later stage. However, there are sets of symptoms that you need to keep a watch over when you seek treatment for renal/kidney cancer. One needs to understand the symptoms that are associated with cancer and be able to deal with them alongside the side effects that you may experience with the treatment itself. Each type of treatment has a variety of side effects based on how each individual’s body responds. Here’s a list of commonly known side effects associated with treatments for renal/kidney cancer: 1. Side effects associated with surgery One of the most common forms of treatment for renal/kidney cancer is surgery in order to eliminate the tumors by removing all or part of the kidney based on how far the cancer has spread. Some of the common issues one might face with this form of treatment are: Infections – These can occur due to improper self-care after the surgery or not following sufficient hygiene as required. Being careless can be a real problem as you need to recover from the surgery and also not strain yourself. Pain – This is a common side effect if you have had an invasive form of surgery.